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This study examined the mediating effect of childcare teacher’s resilience on their job stress and burnout. The subjects were 251 childcare teachers. Three survey instruments were used: Burnout scale (Maslach & Jackson 1981), job stress scale (Shin 2004), and resilience scale (Shin et al. 2009). SPSS 21.0 was utilized for Pearson’s correlation analysis and regression analysis proposed by Baron and Kenny (1986). As a result, job stress showed a significant positive correlation with burnout, but a significant negative correlation with resilience. In addition, childcare teachers’ resilience was found to mediate partially the effect of job stress on burnout. These findings should be considered when developing teacher education programs and related policies to reduce childcare teachers’ burnout.