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This study compares the recently revised middle school national language textbooks of South Korea and Japan (hereinafter, the textbooks) with their pre-revision textbooks in terms of text quantity, constitution, genre, topic as well as semantic distribution of vocabulary in order to compare diachronic changes. By doing so, this study aims at identifying the intention of textbook revision and characteristics in two countries. Firstly, in Korea, after the implementation of free-semester system in the first year of middle school according to the current curriculum in 2015, the range of the revision has broadened whereas the quantity of vocabulary has substantially decreased. As a result, significant differences were found in <member･religion>, <race･people> which implies confucius concepts in the pre-revision textbooks. On the other hand, differences were found in <product and tool>, <creation･writing(mainly, painting･art)> which is related to career and cooperation learning, <counterpart･colleague>, <duty>, <exchange> as well as <machinery>, <materials>, and <articles> in the post-revision textbooks. Meanwhile, in Japan, the range of revision was narrow and difference in semantic distribution was insignificant. To be specific, some differences were found in <1.23 race･people>, <1.44 dwelling>, <1.42 clothing> in relation to describing life of particular generation in pre-revision textbooks. Lastly in the post-revision textbooks, differences were found in ‘living organism’, ‘animal’ and ‘life’ in relation to environment and ecology.
