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This study investigated the immuno-potentiating activities of Japanese mud shrimp Upogebia major. We examined the effects of enzymatic hydrolysate from U. major on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and on the expression of pro-inflammation cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in RAW 264.7 cells. The treatment of six enzymatic hydrolysates of U. major (alcalase, α-chymotrypsin [α-Chy], trypsin, pepsin, neutrase, protamex) significantly increased the production of NO in RAW 264.7 cells, with α-Chy having the greatest effect. This hydrolysate was fractionated by two ultrafiltration membranes at 3 and 10 kDa to created three fractions (below 3 kDa, between 3 and 10 kDa, and above 10 kDa). Of these, the <3 kDa and >10 kDa fractions showed significant increases in NO production. These two fractions also induced PGE2 production in RAW 264.7 cells and showed significant increases in the expression of all cytokines studied. These results suggest that enzymatic hydrolysate from U. major is a potentially useful food material with immune-potentiating effects.
