Mixed Toxicity Evaluation of Perfluorinated Compounds and Heavy Metals Using Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna

이번 연구에서는 시험종 간 민감도 차이를 예측했다. 과불화화합물과 중금속의 독성은 발광박테리아(Vibrio fischeri)와 물벼룩(Daphnia magna) 두 가지 테스트 종을 사용하여 평가되었다. 비교분석을 실시하여 혼합 화학물질의 독성 변화를 상승효과(synergistic effect), 길항효과(antagonistic effect), 상가효과(additive effect)로 평가하였다. 단일 물질 독성 검사 결과, 두 종 모두 과불화화합물보다 중금속에 더 민감하게 반응했지만, PFNA, PVOA, Pb의 EC50의 경우 발광박테리아가 물벼룩보다 낮아 발광박테리아가 더 민감하게 반응했다. 발광박테리아의 경우 과불화화합물 농도가 높아짐에 따라 독성이 증가하지만 중금속 단일 독성보다 생물발광 억제율이 낮다. 물벼룩은 각 물질의 농도가 높아짐에 따라 독성을 증가시켰지만, 과불화화합물의 최고 농도에서는 중금속보다 독성이 강했다. 혼합 독성 평가 결과 발광박테리아는 실제 시험한 독성 값 P(O)가 예측값 P(E)보다 낮기 때문에 모든 반응에서 길항 효과를 보였다. 물벼룩의 경우 수은, PFNA, PFOA의 반응이 각 물질의 최저 농도를 제외한 상승 효과를 보였다. 수은, PFNA, PFOA 간의 반응을 제외하고, 물질의 고농도에서는 상승, 길항, 상가 효과가 나타났다. 전체적으로 혼합물질의 독성이 단일물질과 다른 것으로 나타났으며, 혼합독성 결과는 시험종 간 차이를 확인할 수 있었다.

In this study, we predicted the sensitivity difference among test species. Toxicity of perfluorinated compounds and heavy metals was evaluated using two test species, Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna. Comparative analysis was performed and the toxicity change of the mixed chemicals was evaluated as synergistic, antagonistic, or additive effect. As a result of single material toxicity test, both species reacted more sensitively to heavy metals than perfluorinated compounds, but EC50 (mg/L) of PFNA, PFOA, and Pb shows that the Vibrio fischeri are lower than Daphnia magna, so Vibrio fischeri reacted more sensitively. In the case of Vibrio fischeri, the toxicity increases as the concentration of perfluorinated compounds increases, but the bioluminescence inhibition rate is lower than that of the single toxicity of heavy metals. Daphnia magna increased its toxicity as the concentration of each substance increased, but at the highest concentrations of perfluorinated compounds, it was more toxic than heavy metals. As a result of the mixed toxicity evaluation, the Vibrio fischeri showed antagonistic effect in all reactions because the actual tested toxicity value P (O) was lower than the predicted value P (E). In the case of Daphnia magna, the reaction between mercury, PFNA and PFOA showed a synergistic effect except for the lowest concentrations of each substance. Except for the reaction between mercury, PFNA and PFOA, higher concentrations of the material showed synergistic, antagonistic, additive effect. Overall, the toxicity of the mixed substances was found to be different from that of a single substance, and the mixed toxicity result was able to confirm the difference between the test species.