초록 열기/닫기 버튼
조선후기 족보는 목판과 활자라는 두 가지 인쇄 수단을 활용하여 간행되었다. 목판은 활자보다 많은 비용이 들지만 대량의 인쇄를 장기적으로 할 수 있고, 활자는 적은 비용으로 신속하게 소량을 찍어내는 데 적합했다. 본 논문에서는 규장각 소장 족보를 대상으로 인쇄 방식을 조사해 보았다. 그 결과 18세기 후반을 전환기로 하여 목판본 족보의 비율이 줄어들고, 목활자본 족보가 널리 사용되는 변화를 확인하였다. 금속활자본 족보도 일부 있었으나 소수의 특권적 가문에 한정되었다. 조선후기 족보 간행을 위해 사용된 활자의 주된 재료는 나무였던 것이다. 조선후기 족보에서 목활자 사용이 확대된 이유는 새로 족보를 만들 때마다 그 분량이 급증했기 때문이다. 족보 분량의 과다라는 문제를 해결하기 위해서, 성씨 전체보다는 특정 계파만을 수록한 ‘파보’를 만들기도 하고, 비용한 저렴한 목활자를 활용하여 인쇄하기도 했다. 족보가 간행물로서 갖는 특징도 활자 인쇄에 적합한 면이 있었다. 가문 내에서만 통용되는 족보는 소량 인쇄에 적합했고, 세대가 바뀔 때마다 새로운 인원을 추가해야 하므로 구보(舊譜)의 목판을 보존해 놓았다가 다시 찍어야 할 필요성도 적었다. 주로 지방관이 관권을 동원해서 지방 관아에서 간행했던 목판본 족보와 달리, 목활자본 족보는 문중 조직에서 유사(有司)를 선임하여 집단적 협력을 통해서 간행하였다. 족인의 집에 보소(譜所)라고 하는 간행 사무실이 차려졌고, 여러 자손들이 힘을 합쳐 모은 돈으로 민간의 인쇄업자를 고용하여 족보를 인쇄하였다. 이러한 변화는 민간의 인쇄역량이 활성화된 것에 힘입은 것이지만, 이에 편승하여 보편화된 목활자 인쇄 기술을 이용하여 계보 조작이 자행될 여지도 커져갔다.
Jokbo(族譜), the genealogy book of the late Joseon period was published by two printing methods: woodblock and type. Woodblock printing was more expensive than type printing, but it was possible to print a large amount over a long period of time, and type printing is suitable for printing small amounts quickly at a low cost. In this paper, the following facts were confirmed by examining the printing method of genealogy books stored in the Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies, Seoul National University. Around the late 18th century, the proportion of genealogy books printed with woodblocks decreased, and genealogy books printed with wooden type occupied the majority. Some genealogy books were printed in metal type, but it was a printing method that could be used by a few privileged families. Wood was the main material for the publication of genealogy in the late Joseon period. The reason for the expansion of the use of wooden type in genealogy in the late Joseon period is that the amount increased rapidly whenever a new genealogy was compiled. In order to solve the problem that the amount of genealogy is too large, genealogy books containing only certain branches rather than the entire family name was compiled. Another solution was to print using inexpensive wooden type. The characteristics of genealogy as a printed material were also suitable for type printing. The genealogy distributed only within the family was sufficient to meet the demand with only a small amount of printing. In addition, there was little need to preserve and reprint the woodblocks of the old genealogy because new descendants should be added every generation. The genealogy books printed using woodblocks were mainly published by local government officials with the mobilization of their authority. In contrast, genealogy books printed using wooden types were published through collective and organizational cooperation by appointeing executives from the family. A publishing office was set up in the house of a family member, and with the money raised by many descendants, typographers were hired to print the genealogy book. These changes in genealogy publication methods were driven by the activation of the printing capacity of the civilian society. However, there was a side effect of the publication of many fabricated genealogies, riding on the trend of strengthening the civilian printing capability.
키워드열기/닫기 버튼
jokbo(族譜, genealogy book), printing woodblock, wooden type, metal type, local official, pabo(派譜, genealogy book for family branch), boso(譜所, office for genealogical compilation and publication)
