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柔然是魏晋南北朝时期以蒙古高原及周邻地区为主要活动地域的中国古代北方游牧部落,亦称“芮芮”“蠕蠕”“茹茹”“蝚蠕”等。《宋书》《南齐书》《梁书》内《芮芮传》,记载了南朝诸政权对柔然情况的了解及其与柔然的交往问题,是研究柔然与南朝关系的重要一手史料;《魏书·蠕蠕传》则是北朝方面对柔然的集中记载。《北史·蠕蠕传》主要抄录《魏书·蠕蠕传》史文,并补入东、西魏分立以后的柔然史事编纂而成。原本《魏书·蠕蠕传》已佚,今本《魏书·蠕蠕传》系后人据《北史·蠕蠕传》等资料补缀。但今本《魏书·蠕蠕传》与《北史·蠕蠕传》的部分异文反映了魏收原书风貌,史料价值较高。《南史》《建康实录》及以后成书的各类体裁史书中的柔然资料多沿袭前代旧史,除个别抄录自原本《魏书·蠕蠕传》散佚前的史文具有重要史料价值外,大都参考价值不大。


Weishu(魏書)ㆍBibliography of Ruru(蠕蠕) is the earliest bibliography of Rouran in the historical records of the Northern Dynasties. The majority of content of Weishu is the patchery of BeishiㆍBibliography of Ruru which is the main literature material researching the Rouran history. The variant characters in the Weishu(魏書)ㆍBibliography of Ruru(蠕蠕) and Beishi(北史)ㆍ Bibliography of Ruru still retain the original content, which have the significant historical Document value. Rouran specialized biography in the history of Song, QI, Liang concentrates the facts that the country in the Southern Dynasties had knowledge of the condition of Rouran and communication history with Rouran. The specialized bibliography of Rouran in Nanshi, Jian Kang Shi Lu(建康實錄) and other Dian-Zhi-Ti historical books, geography records and Encyclopedias book of  large-scale always follow the content of previous historical records, which mainly own the low document value except the part of historical records transcribed from the previous Weishu(魏書)ㆍBibliography of Ruru(蠕蠕).



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Rouran, the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Historical materials, Weishu, Beishi, Jian Kang Shi Lu