Background: The bispectral index (BIS) was developed for adults, and the influence of neuronal and physiologic brain maturation on BIS in pediatric patients is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate BIS during ...

Background: At least 30 minutes of pre-warming has been recommended for the prevention of redistribution hypothermia. However, it has been reported that less than 30 minutes of pre-warming is also effective. The aim of ...

Background: It is well known that both thiopental sodium and propofol reduce the cerebral metabolic rate. The author investigated whether these drugs have similar effects on neurobiochemical compounds by using 1H-NMR, which ...

Background: A new influenza A(H1N1) virus emerged and spread globally in 2009, and the rapid progression of pneumonia often required ICU care. We describe the cause analysis and clinical aspects of community acquired ...

Background: A commercially available target-controlled propofol infusion system, the ‘Diprifusor'TM is used for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia in adults, not in children because the pharmacokinetics of propofol ...

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an effective therapy for chronic and intractable neuropathic pain. We present a case report of successful pain control using SCS implantation in a patient with chronic, intractable stump ...

Lidocaine blocks sodium channels in nerve membranes, which inhibits sodium influx and prevents development of an action potential. For epidural anesthesia, we usually use lidocaine diluted in normal saline or distilled ...

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common problems in patients undergoing general anesthesia. Ondansetron is widely used for this problems. But, some patients treated with ondansetron do not respond ...

Background: We evaluated the changes in heart rate variability (HRV) in elderly patients with or without hypertension before and after combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSE). Methods: Elderly hypertensive (group H, n ...